Basic knowledge of peptides

1、 An organic compound formed by dehydration of amino acids, containing carboxyl and amino groups, is an amphoteric compound. Also known as "peptides".

2、 One of the amides. It is formed by the combination of two or more amino acids through the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. An amino acid cannot be called a peptide, nor can it be synthesized into a peptide. It must be a compound composed of two or more amino acids connected by peptide bonds. A compound where two amino acids are connected by peptide bonds is called a dipeptide; A compound with three amino acids connected by peptide bonds is called a tripeptide, and so on. A compound with thirty-four amino acids connected by peptide bonds is called a thirty-four peptide.

3、 It is a bioactive substance that involves multiple cellular functions within an organism. Hundreds of peptides have been discovered in organisms and are essential participants in completing various complex physiological activities. All cells can synthesize peptide substances, and their functional activities are also regulated by peptides. It involves various fields such as hormones, nerves, cell growth, and reproduction, and its importance lies in regulating various organs and cells in the body. The physiological and pharmacological effects of enzymatic peptides mainly involve activating relevant enzyme systems in the body, promoting the permeability of intermediate metabolic membranes, or influencing specific protein synthesis by controlling DNA transcription or translation, ultimately producing specific physiological effects or exerting their pharmacological effects. Peptides are superior to amino acids, firstly, they absorb more quickly than amino acids; The second is to be absorbed by the body in a complete form; The third is active absorption (amino acids belong to passive absorption); The fourth is low consumption. Compared with amino acids, peptide absorption has the characteristics of low consumption or no energy consumption. After being absorbed through the duodenum, peptides directly enter the bloodstream and transport their own energy and nutrients to various parts of the human body; The fifth is that peptides absorb more amino acids and have the characteristic of being unsaturated; Six is that there are only 20 types of amino acids with countable functions, while peptides can synthesize hundreds or thousands of types using amino acids as substrates. Peptide is a type of degraded small molecule collagen protein that contains amino acid groups and is a raw material product. Peptides are also inherent components in the human body, forming a chain like structure of amino acids. The protein we are familiar with is a type of polypeptide chain. Peptides are composed differently due to the different composition and sequence of amino acids. A compound composed of two amino acids connected by peptide bonds is called a "dipeptide", and so on. A compound composed of nine amino acids is called a "nine peptide", a peptide composed of multiple amino acids (usually 50, also known as 100) is called a peptide, and the amino acid units that make up the peptide are called amino acid residues. Peptide bonds connect amino acids to their heads and tails.